Cancer finds
mention in the Sanskrit literature that goes on to illustrate that
cancer is not a recent disease of modern era, but that people knew
about its origins long back in ancient times. Cancer was mentioned
in Sanskrit Texts and in Ayurvedic literature.
Cancer is a dreaded disease that is affecting more and more people,
particularly with modern living styles.
Though the cure rate of cancer is improving, the rate of cure is
better only if detected early. It is said that "the fear of cancer"
and the associated mental stress kills more people than cancer itself
(close to 1/3 or more). Another one third or more are killed by
the treatment (mainly Chemotherapy) given and by the patient's inability
to withstand the treatment. It is well-known that for every cancer
cell that Chemotherapy destroys,
it destroys 100 good, healthy cells also. It means that cancer itself kills fewer people directly. People
who have confidence in their ability to pull on with the disease and how to manage it survive and survive long.
Cancer
occurs when cell division gets out of control. Usually, the timing
of cell division is under strict control, involving a network
of signals that work together to say when a cell can divide, how
often it should happen and how errors can be fixed. Mutations
in one or more of the nodes in this network can trigger cancer,
be it through exposure to some environmental factor (e.g. tobacco
smoke) or because of a genetic predisposition, or both. Usually,
several cancer-promoting factors have to add up before a person
will develop a malignant growth with some exceptions.
The predominant mechanisms
for the cancers featured are:
- Impairment
of a DNA repair pathway
- The
transformation of a normal gene into an oncogene and
- The
malfunction of a tumor supressor gene
All types
of cancers are a result of the above mechanisms. Details about
various types of cancers can be obtained from standard textbooks.
Some highlights are given in this section.
The reader is requested to go through the important section on
preventive measures.